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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Jewish beliefs and practices in the reform movement ： ウィキペディア英語版 Jewish beliefs and practices in the reform movement Jewish beliefs and practices have undergone vast changes in the Reform movement of Judaism, known also as Progressive, Reform or Liberal Judaism. Due to its origins in Enlightenment-era Germany, the Reform movement has eyed traditional Jewish beliefs through the lens of liberal thought, such as autonomy, modernity, universalism, and the historical-philosophical critique of religion. Because the progressive movement believes in the continuous integration of Jewish tradition and non-Jewish insights, the specific beliefs and practices of Progressive Judaism have changed over time. The commitment to personal and congregational autonomy also means that standards of belief and practice can vary widely from region to region, from congregation to congregation, and even from individual to individual.〔() ReformJudaism.org〕 Given this diversity, historian Michael Meyer prefers to characterize Reform Judaism by certain dynamic tensions. They include, but are not limited to: continuity versus reform, authority versus autonomy and universalism versus particularism.〔Meyer, Response to Modernity, ix-x〕 ==Response to tradition== The 19th century German Reform movement posed an intellectual challenge to many traditionalist Jewish doctrines, such as the divine authorship of the Torah, instead stating that it was the inspired writings of man. They questioned laws of the Hebrew Bible that offended Enlightenment sensibilities, such as the execution of heretics (for instance, due to violation of Shabbat) or the revenge genocide of Amalek. They also rejected ritual and ceremonial Jewish laws, such as kashrut, which reformers questioned as unnecessary or outdated for a religion based on reason. The Enlightenment beliefs of the early reformers carried implications for subsequent Reform practices. For instance, reform-oriented Jews made controversial efforts to reject circumcision and alter prayer services. Rabbis wore vestments modeled after contemporary clergy and Reform worship introduced the pipe organ for instrumental accompaniment (scores arranged by the composers such as Louis Lewandowski). The traditional Hebrew prayer book (the Siddur) was replaced with a vernacular (German) text. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish beliefs and practices in the reform movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.